Organic Chemistry Question Review (2026-08-29)

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This time we focus on some important reactions in organic synthesis.

Question: How to convert amide to amine?

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Solution: Hofmann degration, again

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Question: Discuss friedel-crafts reactions on benzene.

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Solution:

Annex: Ring-formation

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Question: How to convert aldehyde to oxime?

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Solution:

Oxime is the consequence of nucleophilic addition.

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Question: How to add an hydroxy group plus alkyl group on a ketone?

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Solution: By Grignard reagent.

Note that there are 2 conditions, depending on the solvent used.

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Question: Cannizzaro reaction occurs when an aldehyde has no alpha-hydrogen. Draw its mechanism.

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Solution:

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Question: Silver Mirror Test (or Tollens reagent) is used to test for aldehydes (which is also present in reducing sugars). Outline the reaction mechanism.

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Solution:

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Question: Hence, we know that Fehling’s test is an alternative to Tollens reagent. Outline the working principle.

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Solution:

Cu_2O, a red precipitate will be formed.

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Question: NaHSO_3 is used to test for carbonyl group. Outline the principle.

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Solution:

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Question: Hence, hydrazine is the alternative to test for carbonyl group. Draw its reaction mechanism.

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Solution:

Also known as Wolff-Kishner Reduction.

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Question: How to dehydrate amide?

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Solution: